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Bounce Decoder: 421 4.4.2

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421 4.4.2 — Bad Connection

The 421 4.4.2 soft bounce means the SMTP connection to the destination server failed or dropped mid-delivery. Learn what causes this and when to retry.

🟡
Temporary Failure (Soft Bounce)
SMTP Code
421
Enhanced Code
4.4.2
Category
Bad Connection
Frequency
Very Common

🔢 Enhanced Status Code Breakdown: 4.4.2

Component Value Meaning
Class 4 Persistent transient failure (temporary)
Subject 4 Network and routing
Detail 2 Bad Connection

Per RFC 3463 Enhanced Mail System Status Codes. Class (X) = severity, Subject (Y) = category, Detail (Z) = specific condition.

💬 What This Error Means

The SMTP connection to the recipient's mail server was established but then failed or dropped before the message could be delivered. This is a network-level problem that your mail server will retry.

Common Causes

  • Unstable network connection between the servers
  • TLS negotiation failure
  • Server disconnected mid-session due to overload
  • Firewall terminating long-running SMTP connections

How to Fix This

  • Your mail server retries automatically
  • If persistent, check TLS compatibility between your server and the destination
  • Report to your email provider if this recurs frequently

📋 Real-World Example Messages

These are real bounce message formats you might receive. Paste yours into the Bounce Decoder for instant analysis.

421 4.4.2 Bad connection
421 4.4.2 Connection dropped by remote host

📚 Official Documentation

RFC 3463 — Enhanced Status Codes
🔍

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